|Table of Contents|

Optimization design of vehicular lithium-ion battery bionic leaf vein cold plate based on NSGA-Ⅱ(PDF)

长安大学学报（自然科学版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

Issue:
2026年2期
Page:
199-212
Research Field:
汽车与机械工程
Publishing date:

Info

Title:
Optimization design of vehicular lithium-ion battery bionic leaf vein cold plate based on NSGA-Ⅱ
Author(s):
QIAO Jie1;  XIE Xiao-xiao1;  YAN Jia-cheng1;  YANG Han1; 2;  LI Feng3;  LU Chang4;  GAO Qiang1*
(1. School of Automobile, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710018, Shaanxi, China; 2. School of Power and Energy, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, Shaanxi, China; 3. BYD Automobile Sales Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China; 4. China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401122, China)
Keywords:
automotive engineering;  battery thermal management;  NSGA-Ⅱ;  bionic leaf-veined liquid cooling plate;  response surface surrogate model;  entropy weight method
PACS:
U464.93
DOI:
10.19721/j.cnki.1671-8879.2026.02.014
Abstract:
To improve the cooling efficiency of vehicle lithium-ion battery thermal management system(BTMS)and realize the objective optimal design of structural parameters, a bionic leaf vein liquid cooling plate design was proposed. The width, depth, included angle of cooling channels and wall thickness of cooling plate were taken as design variables. The maximum temperature, maximum temperature difference and average temperature of battery pack were taken as optimization objectives. Optimal Latin hypercube sampling(OLHS)was adopted to generate 28 sample points. A fourth-order response surface surrogate model was established based on sample data. The model accuracy was evaluated by coefficient of determination and root mean square error. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ)was used to conduct multi-objective optimization of its structural parameters. The Pareto frontier solution set was obtained. The entropy weight method was used to assign objective weight to each evaluation index. The comprehensive optimal combination of structural parameters was determined. The results show that the optimal structural parameters are obtained after NSGA-Ⅱ optimization and entropy weight method screening.The width is 9 mm, the depth is 5 mm, the included angle is 46°, and the wall thickness of cooling plate is 5 mm. Compared with the basic structure, the optimized liquid cooling BTMS reduces the maximum temperature, maximum temperature difference and average temperature of battery pack by 0.55 ℃, 1.14 ℃ and 0.59 ℃, respectively. The reduction rate of maximum temperature difference reaches 22.26%. The cooling performance is improved significantly. The optimized liquid cooling BTMS shows the optimal cooling performance under different discharge rates and volume concentrations of ethylene glycol aqueous solution. The cooling effect becomes more obvious with the increase of discharge rate. The overall cooling performance decreases slightly with the increase of ethylene glycol concentration. The strong robustness of the optimization algorithm is verified. The established response surface model has high prediction accuracy. The root mean square errors corresponding to the maximum temperature, maximum temperature difference and average temperature are 0.063 ℃, 0.069 ℃ and 0.055 ℃, respectively. All the errors meet the engineering accuracy requirements. In the established structural optimization design of bionic leaf vein liquid cooling plate, the adopted sampling, modeling and optimization methods significantly improve the cooling efficiency of liquid cooling plate. The problem of subjective interference in optimal solution selection is solved. The design has strong robustness and engineering application value. 6 tabs, 16 figs, 30 refs.

References:

[1] TOMASZEWSKA A, CHU Z, FENG X, et al. Lithium-ion battery fast charging: A review[J]. eTransportation, 2019, 1: 100011.
[2]LU L, HAN X, LI J, et al. A review on the key issues for lithium-ion battery management in electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 226: 272-288.
[3]DENG J, BAE C, DENLINGER A, et al. Electric vehicles batteries: Requirements and challenges[J]. Joule, 2020, 4(3): 511-515.
[4]FENG X, REN D, HE X, et al. Mitigating thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Joule, 2020, 4: 743-770.
[5]CHEN S, WEI X, ZHANG G, et al. All-temperature area battery application mechanism, performance, and strategies[J]. The Innovation, 2023, 4(4): 100465.
[6]FENG Y, ZHOU L, MA H, et al. Challenges and advances in wide-temperature rechargeable lithium batteries[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2022, 15(5): 1711-1759.
[7]LI Q, LIU G, CHENG H, et al. Low-temperature electrolyte design for lithium-ion batteries: Prospect and challenges[J]. Chemistry: A European Journal, 2021, 27(64): 15842-15865.
[8]DENG J, BAE C, MARCICKI J, et al. Safety modelling and testing of lithium-ion batteries in electrified vehicles[J]. Nature Energy, 2018, 3(4): 261-266.
[9]JOUHARA H, KHORDEHGAH N, SEREY N, et al. Applications and thermal management of rechargeable batteries for industrial applications[J]. Energy, 2019, 170: 849-861.
[10]KIM J, OH J, LEE H. Review on battery thermal management system for electric vehicles[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 149: 192-212.
[11]YANG H, YANG G, LIU N, et al. Investigating the impact of inlet angle on the performance of air-cooling lithium-ion battery pack[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2025, 263: 125314.
[12]CHEN Y, CHEN K, DONG Y, et al. Bidirectional symmetrical parallel mini-channel cold plate for energy efficient cooling of large battery packs[J]. Energy, 2022, 242: 122553.
[13]LIU J, CHEN H, HUANG S, et al. Recent progress and prospects in liquid cooling thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Batteries, 2023, 9(8): 400.
[14]ZHOU R, CHEN Y, ZHANG J, et al. Research progress in liquid cooling technologies to enhance the thermal management of LIBs[J]. Materials Advances, 2023, 4(18): 4011-4040.
[15]MOUSAVI S, ZADEHKKABIR A, SIAVASHI M, et al. An improved hybrid thermal management system for prismatic Li-ion batteries integrated with mini-channel and phase change materials[J]. Applied Energy, 2023, 334: 120643.
[16]DU W, CHEN S. Effect of mechanical vibration on phase change material based thermal management module of a lithium-ion battery at high ambient temperature[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2023, 59: 106465.
[17]BEHI H, KARIMI D, BEHI M, et al. Thermal management analysis using heat pipe in the high current discharging of lithium-ion battery in electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2020, 32: 101893.
[18]WANG X, WEN Q, YANG J, et al. A review on data centre cooling system using heat pipe technology[J]. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, 2022, 35: 100774.
[19]SURESH K R, JAYANTHI N, SUDHAKAR K, et al. A review on the performance of oscillating heat pipe used in battery cooling[J]. Environmental Quality Management, 2023, 33(2): 59-67.
[20]YANG S, LING C, FAN Y, et al. A review of lithium-ion battery thermal management system strategies and the evaluate criteria[J]. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2019, 14(7): 6077-6107.
[21]QIAN Z, LI Y, RAO Z. Thermal performance of lithium-ion battery thermal management system by using mini-channel cooling[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2016, 126: 622-631.
[22]刘显茜,曹军磊,李文辉,等.蜘蛛网流道冷板冷却液对向流锂离子电池散热分析[J].材料导报,2024,38(4):14-19.
LIU Xian-xi, CAO Jun-lei, LI Wen-hui, et al. Heat dissipation analysis of lithium-ion battery with counter-flow cooling liquid in spider-web channel cold plate[J]. Materials Reports, 2024, 38(4): 14-19.
[23]YANG H, LIU N, GU M, et al. Optimized design of novel serpentine channel liquid cooling plate structure for lithium-ion battery based on discrete continuous variables[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2025, 264: 125502.
[24]MONIKA K, DATTA S P. Comparative assessment among several channel designs with constant volume for cooling of pouch-type battery module[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2022, 251: 114936.
[25]ZHAO D, LEI Z, AN C. Research on battery thermal management system based on liquid cooling plate with honeycomb-like flow channel[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 218: 119324.
[26]YANG H, LIU N, LI M, et al. Design and optimization of heat pipe-assisted liquid cooling structure for power battery thermal management based on NSGA-Ⅱ and entropy weight-TOPSIS method[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2025, 272: 126416.
[27]WANG N, LI C, LI W, et al. Heat dissipation optimization for a serpentine liquid cooling battery thermal management system: An application of surrogate assisted approach[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2021, 40: 102771.
[28]尹志宏,丁志威,曹军磊.蜘蛛网流道扰流元设计及其对锂离子电池散热影响[J].重庆理工大学学报(自然科学),2024,37(12):163-171.
YIN Zhi-hong, DING Zhi-wei, CAO Jun-lei. Design of flow disruptors in spider-web channels and its impact on lithium-ion battery thermal management[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology(Natural Science), 2024, 37(12): 163-171.
[29]BERNARDI D, PAWLIKOWSKI E, NEWMAN J. A general energy balance for battery systems[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1985, 132(1): 5.
[30]陈逸明.面向锂离子电池热管理的并行微通道冷板结构设计[D].广州:华南理工大学,2021.
CHEN Yi-ming. Structural design of parallel microchannel cold plate for thermal management of lithium-ion batteries[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2021.

Memo

Memo:
-
Last Update: 2026-04-20